Translations:Benutzer:Arian/Klett-Mini-Test/1166/en

Stacked Manure

In the cubicle, treading-manure, and tie stall, mucking-out takes place daily — or with push-bar scrapers several times a day. A portion of the liquid manure is collected separately. The remainder reaches a nearby intermediate store as a dung-bedding-liquid-manure mixture. In this store, phases 1 and 2 — warming and aeration — begin already after a short dwell time, and with them uncontrolled breakdown processes with substance losses. From the intermediate store, the solid manure is either taken to field clamps for further rotting or composted. In both cases phases 1 and 2 set in once more, with renewed substance losses. To minimise these, the time-honoured stacked-manure procedure should be reconsidered and freshly practised. An impermeable base slab with drainage channels running all round for liquid manure and rainwater is, however, unavoidable here. The fresh manure accumulating daily in a recessed bay is taken up as promptly as possible with a front loader and dung grab, and set down in portions side by side across the width of the manure slab. Precise working is called for here. In front of this first row a second and third follow, and so on. Meanwhile the first row, the second, and so on, warm up, so that in the same sequence the second layer can be placed portion by portion, and finally a third and fourth layer, and so on, up to the maximum height technically achievable. Once this is reached with the first row, the first layer of the adjoining section can be begun. In this way the stack builds up gradually in breadth and full length. Through the pressure of the overlying strata, the phases of warming, degassing, and moistening are run through rapidly and incompletely, and end in fermentation. To that extent the same processes take place in the correctly assembled stacked manure as in the deep-litter stall. Even so, substance losses — around 20% — are higher than in the deep-litter stall on account of the all-round exposure to the outer air. Rotting advances more quickly along the near-vertical side faces and the surface, as is visible among other things in the appearance of cap fungi.