Translations:Manfred Klett: Von der Agrartechnologie zur Landbaukunst/1064/en

Fruit growing has, since the twentieth century, developed from an extensive, variety-rich standard-tree scattered-orchard cultivation toward half-standard plantings and finally, with shorter productive lifespan, toward the variety-poor low-standard intensive orchard. In the course of this, fruit formation has shifted down from the high tree crown — raised into light and air — into air layers close to the earth; and parallel to this, the demand for manure has enormously increased.

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